Percutaneous Management of Posttransplant Biliary Complications

Abstract

Interventional radiology plays a major role in the management of posttransplant biliary complications. This review aims to discuss biliary complications of liver transplantation and will outline the role of interventional radiology, diagnosis, and management of these problems.

Keywords

liver transplant - complications - interventional radiology

• References

• 1 Faleschini G, Vadalà di Prampero SF, Bulajic M. , et al. Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome in the management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 27 (02) 150-154
• 2 Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Hashimoto D. Biliary reconstruction, its complications and management of biliary complications after adult liver transplantation: a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and outcome. Transpl Int 2011; 24 (04) 379-392
• 3 Thornburg B, Katariya N, Riaz A. , et al. Interventional radiology in the management of the liver transplant patient. Liver Transpl 2017; 23 (10) 1328-1341
• 4 Kochhar G, Parungao JM, Hanouneh IA, Parsi MA. Biliary complications following liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19 (19) 2841-2846
• 5 Seehofer D, Eurich D, Veltzke-Schlieker W, Neuhaus P. Biliary complications after liver transplantation: old problems and new challenges. Am J Transplant 2013; 13 (02) 253-265
• 6 Hwang S, Lee SG, Sung KB. , et al. Long-term incidence, risk factors, and management of biliary complications after adult living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006; 12 (05) 831-838
• 7 Franco J. Biliary complications in liver transplant recipients. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2005; 7 (02) 160-164
• 8 Zajko AB, Campbell WL, Bron KM, Schade RR, Koneru B, Van Thiel DH. Diagnostic and interventional radiology in liver transplantation. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1988; 17 (01) 105-143
• 9 Sheng R, Sammon JK, Zajko AB, Campbell WL. Bile leak after hepatic transplantation: cholangiographic features, prevalence, and clinical outcome. Radiology 1994; 192 (02) 413-416
• 10 Cheng YF, Chen YS, Huang TL. , et al. Interventional radiologic procedures in liver transplantation. Transpl Int 2001; 14 (04) 223-229
• 11 Gondolesi GE, Varotti G, Florman SS. , et al. Biliary complications in 96 consecutive right lobe living donor transplant recipients. Transplantation 2004; 77 (12) 1842-1848
• 12 Wojcicki M, Silva MA, Jethwa P. , et al. Biliary complications following adult right lobe ex vivo split liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006; 12 (05) 839-844
• 13 Kothary N, Patel AA, Shlansky-Goldberg RD. Interventional radiology: management of biliary complications of liver transplantation. Semin Intervent Radiol 2004; 21 (04) 297-308
• 14 Kaplan SB, Zajko AB, Koneru B. Hepatic bilomas due to hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplant recipients: percutaneous drainage and clinical outcome. Radiology 1990; 174 (3 Pt 2): 1031-1035
• 15 Sundaram V, Jones DT, Shah NH. , et al. Posttransplant biliary complications in the pre- and post-model for end-stage liver disease era. Liver Transpl 2011; 17 (04) 428-435
• 16 Ward EM, Wiesner RH, Hughes RW, Krom RA. Persistent bile leak after liver transplantation: biloma drainage and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic sphincterotomy. Radiology 1991; 179 (03) 719-720
• 17 Osorio RW, Freise CE, Stock PG. , et al. Nonoperative management of biliary leaks after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation 1993; 55 (05) 1074-1077
• 18 Zemel G, Zajko AB, Skolnick ML, Bron KM, Campbell WL. The role of sonography and transhepatic cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary complications after liver transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1988; 151 (05) 943-946
• 19 Ryu CH, Lee SK. Biliary strictures after liver transplantation. Gut Liver 2011; 5 (02) 133-142
• 20 Qin YS, Li ZS, Sun ZX, Wu RP, Wang N, Yao YZ. Endoscopic management of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2006; 5 (01) 39-42
• 21 Sauer P, Chahoud F, Gotthardt D. , et al. Temporary placement of fully covered self-expandable metal stents in biliary complications after liver transplantation. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (05) 536-538
• 22 Kim J, Ko GY, Sung KB. , et al. Percutaneously placed covered retrievable stents for the treatment of biliary anastomotic strictures following living donor liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010; 16 (12) 1410-1420
• 23 Petersen BD, Timmermans HA, Uchida BT, Rabkin JM, Keller FS. Treatment of refractory benign biliary stenoses in liver transplant patients by placement and retrieval of a temporary stent-graft: work in progress. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2000; 11 (07) 919-929
• 24 Kao D, Zepeda-Gomez S, Tandon P, Bain VG. Managing the post-liver transplantation anastomotic biliary stricture: multiple plastic versus metal stents: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 77 (05) 679-691
• 25 Saad WE, Davies MG, Saad NE. , et al. Transhepatic dilation of anastomotic biliary strictures in liver transplant recipients with use of a combined cutting and conventional balloon protocol: technical safety and efficacy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2006; 17 (05) 837-843
• 26 Gwon DI, Sung KB, Ko GY, Yoon HK, Lee SG. Dual catheter placement technique for treatment of biliary anastomotic strictures after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2011; 17 (02) 159-166
• 27 DePietro DM, Shlansky-Goldberg RD, Soulen MC. , et al. Long-term outcomes of a benign biliary stricture protocol. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2015; 26 (07) 1032-1039
• 28 Camacho JC, Coursey-Moreno C, Telleria JC, Aguirre DA, Torres WE, Mittal PK. Nonvascular post-liver transplantation complications: from US screening to cross-sectional and interventional imaging. Radiographics 2015; 35 (01) 87-104
• 29 Abcarian PW, Emond JC, Ring EJ. Cystic duct remnant mucocele in a liver transplant recipient. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994; 5 (01) 127-130
• 30 Atwal T, Pastrana M, Sandhu B. Post-liver transplant biliary complications. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2012; 2 (01) 81-85
• 31 Voigtländer T, Negm AA, Strassburg CP, Lehner F, Manns MP, Lankisch TO. Biliary cast syndrome post-liver transplantation: risk factors and outcome. Liver Int 2013; 33 (08) 1287-1292
• 32 Zhu XD, Shen ZY, Chen XG, Zang YJ. Pathotyping and clinical manifestations of biliary cast syndrome in patients after an orthotopic liver transplant. Exp Clin Transplant 2013; 11 (02) 142-149
• 33 Paik WH, Lee SH, Ryu JK. , et al. Long-term clinical outcomes of biliary cast syndrome in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2013; 19 (03) 275-282
• 34 van Hoek B, Wiesner RH, Krom RA, Ludwig J, Moore SB. Severe ductopenic rejection following liver transplantation: incidence, time of onset, risk factors, treatment, and outcome. Semin Liver Dis 1992; 12 (01) 41-50
• 35 Park TY, Lee SK, Nam K. , et al. Spontaneous hemobilia after liver transplantation: frequency, risk factors, and outcome of endoscopic management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32 (03) 583-588
• 36 Perito ER, Roll G, Dodge JL, Rhee S, Roberts JP. Split liver transplantation and pediatric waitlist mortality in the United States: potential for improvement. Transplantation 2019; 103 (03) 552-557
• 37 Gunawansa N, McCall JL, Holden A, Plank L, Munn SR. Biliary complications following orthotopic liver transplantation: a 10-year audit. HPB (Oxford) 2011; 13 (06) 391-399